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摘要

目前, 基于纳米孔的传感器已经成为了分析生物标志物的重要工具, 包括但不限于核酸, 蛋白质以及其他在生命活动中发挥重要作用的分子. 作为一种创新的单分子检测技术, 纳米孔传感本身并不具有特异性, 通过表面官能化以及分子探针技术可以提升纳米孔传感对样本中的目标生物标志物的响应灵敏度. 本文首先介绍了纳米孔传感的原理、分类, 然后讨论了纳米孔表面改性的方法以及近年来纳米孔传感中待测分子特异性增强技术的发展和应用, 特异性增强技术主要包含表面官能化以及分子探针两种形式, 其中表面官能化以官能化分子类别分类, 分子探针以载体形式分类. 最后, 本文总结了纳米孔传感仍然存在的若干挑战, 并对纳米孔未来发展提出了若干建议.

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Abstract

Nanopore sensors have become important tools for analyzing biomarkers, including but not limited to nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules that play important roles in life. Though the nanopores themselves have no selectivity towards target molecules, higher sensitivity of nanopore sensing to the target biomarkers could be achieved with the help of the specificity enhancement technology. In this work, the basic principles of nanopore sensing are first introduced, then methods of modifying nanopore surface as well as the development and application of those selectivity enhancement technologies of nanopore sensing in recent years are reviewed. These enhancement technologies primarily fall into two categories: surface functionalization and molecular probes. Surface functionalization is further categorized based on the types of functional molecules used, while molecular probes are classified according to carrier forms. Finally, in this paper several challenges that nanopore sensing continues to encounter are discussed and some suggestions are made for its future development.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者:陈琪,chenqi_whu@hust.edu.cn

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 62374063)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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2.

Corresponding author:Chen Qi,chenqi_whu@hust.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62374063).

文章全文: translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

特异性增强技术	目标生物分子	纳米孔类型	检测极限
表面官能化	α-thrombin γ-thrombin	SiN_x	N/A^[39]
	miRNA-21	Quartz	0.1 pmol/L^[42]
	HAdV SARS-CoV-2	PET	6 pfu/mL^[43] 10⁴copies/mL^[43]
	N protein	Nanopipette	73.204 pg/mL^[47]
	Neuraminidase	ClyA	38 nmol/L^[49]
	SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein	ClyA	2.3 nmol/L^[50]
	Barstar	t-FhuA	12.6 nmol/L^[51]
	Streptavidin	PET	N/A^[52]
	L-His, D-His	PET	N/A^[58]
	L-Trp	PI	N/A^[59]
	norepinephrine epinephrine	MspA	1 μmol/L^[61]
	ribonucleotide	MspA	N/A^[62]
分子探针	miR155	SiN_x	10 nmol/L^[68]
	C-reactive protein	SiN_x	0.3 ng/μL^[72]
	alpha-1 antitrypsin Tau 381 BACE1	Aerolysin	77.9 fmol/L^[73] 6.79 fmol/L^[73] 86.4 fmol/L^[73]
	miRNA-21	Glass	5 nmol/L^[83]
	Carcinoembryonic-antigen	Quartz	0.01 nmol/L^[84]
	alpha fetoprotein	α-HL	1 fmol/L^[85]
	ESAT-6/CFP-10	α-HL	10 amol/L^[86]
	α-Syn	Quartz	2.2 pmol/L^[93]
	Thrombin AChE	Quartz	N/A^[65]
	miR-375-3p miR-141-3p	SiN_x	8 fmol/L^[95] 5 fmol/L^[95]
	E. coli DH5α 16 SrRNA Salmonella 16 SrRNA A. Baumanii 16 SrRNA	Glass	N/A^[98]
	Streptavidin	SiN_x	N/A^[102]

下载: 导出CSV

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