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超快超强激光及阿秒测量技术的诞生和发展, 使人们在阿秒时间和原子空间尺度内观测及控制电子的运动成为可能. 日益精密的实验测量技术对理论计算方法的精确性提出了更高的要求, 如何使用理论模型从实验结果中分辨提取超快时空动力学时间和空间信息面临极大的挑战. 相比于精确求解含时薛定谔方程, 模型简单计算效率更高, 电子波包被看作具有不同初始状态的粒子, 通过解析粒子的运动状态便能厘清各种强场非线性物理现象的产生原因. 本文从强场近似理论模型出发介绍了强场动力学计算中的鞍点近似, 进一步详细介绍了库仑修正强场近似、基于轨迹的库仑修正强场近似与库仑量子轨迹强场近似等方法. 本综述旨在为强场动力学理论计算的研究提供相关方法与文献参考, 为进一步开展新型算法提供思路.The emergence and development of ultrafast intense lasers and attosecond measurement techniques have made it possible to observe and control the motions of electrons on a timescale of attoseconds and a spatial scale of atoms. With the improvement of experimental measurement accuracy, higher requirements are put forward for the accuracy of theoretical calculation methods. Extracting temporal and spatial information about ultrafast dynamics from experimental results through using theoretical models presents a significant challenge. Compared with the exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the Feynman path-integral method for strong-field dynamics calculations offers a simpler model and higher computational efficiency. The electronic wave packet is regarded as a particle with different initial states, and by analyzing the motion of the particle, the causes of various nonlinear physical phenomena in strong fields can be clarified. This work introduces the saddle point approximation into strong field dynamics calculations based on the strong field approximation theory. Furthermore, the Coulomb-corrected strong field approximation method, trajectory-based Coulomb-corrected strong field approximation method, and Coulomb quantum trajectory strong field approximation method are presented in detail. This review aims to provide relevant methods and literature references for studying strong field dynamics theoretical calculations and also to present some ideas for developing new algorithms.
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