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采用钒/钯(V/Pd)金属复合膜渗氢是从混合气体中分离氢气的一种有效实用方法. 为深入地了解催化Pd层与金属膜结合处的界面结构与吸氢/渗氢特性的关联性, 进而提升合金膜提纯氢气的能力, 本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了V/Pd金属复合膜界面的氢吸附/扩散行为. 研究结果表明: 由于V/Pd界面的电荷密度随着V/Pd成键而增加, 导致氢原子(H)溶解能随着接近界面而增大, 在V/Pd界面附近具有最高的溶解能(0.567 eV). 氢迁移能垒计算表明, 与H沿V/Pd界面水平扩散的最大能垒(0.64 eV)相比, H垂直V/Pd界面能垒(0.56 eV)更小, 因而H倾向于垂直V/Pd界面进行迁移, 并由Pd层扩散到V基体一侧, 因V/Pd界面处Pd层的氢溶解能(0.238 eV)高于V膜侧(–0.165 eV), H将在界面的V膜侧积累, 易引起氢脆. V基体掺杂Pd/Fe的计算表明, 与未掺杂的能垒(0.56 eV)相比, 掺杂Pd/Fe可明显地降低界面扩散路径中的最大能垒(0.45 eV/0.54 eV), 利于氢的渗透扩散, 且掺杂界面能一定程度抑制V和催化Pd层的相互扩散, 提高复合膜的结构稳定性.Hydrogen permeation through vanadium/palladium (V/Pd) metal composite membranes is an effective and practical method of separating hydrogen from gas mixtures. In order to gain an insight into the relation between the interfacial structure and hydrogen adsorption/diffusion properties of the catalytic Pd layer bonded to the metal membrane, and then improve the ability of the alloy membrane to purify hydrogen, the first principle based on the density functional theory is used to study the hydrogen adsorption/diffusion behavior at the V/Pd metal composite membrane interface. The results show that because the charge density at the V/Pd interface increases with the V/Pd bonding increasing, the dissolution energy of hydrogen atom (H) increases with it approaching to the interface, and it has the highest dissolution energy near the V/Pd interface (0.567 eV). Hydrogen migration energy barrier calculations show that compared with the maximum energy barrier for horizontal diffusion of H along the V/Pd interface (0.64 eV), the H vertical V/Pd interface energy barrier (0.56 eV) is small, thus H tends to migrate vertically V/Pd interface and diffuse from the Pd layer to the V substrate side. As the hydrogen solvation energy of the Pd layer at the V/Pd interface (0.238 eV) is higher than that on the V membrane side (–0.165 eV), H will gather on the V film side of the interface, which is easy to cause hydrogen to be embrittled. Calculations of Pd/Fe doping of the V matrix show that comparing with the undoped energy barrier (0.56 eV), Pd/Fe doping can significantly reduce the maximum energy barrier (0.45 eV/0.54 eV) in the diffusion path of the interface, which is favorable for hydrogen permeation and diffusion. And the doped interface can inhibit the interdiffusion of V layer and catalytic Pd layer to a certain extent, which improves the structural stability of the composite film.
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Number of atomic
layers of V (Pd)Surface energy/(J·m–2) V(110) Pd(111) 2(3) 2.42 1.434 4(6) 2.36 1.363 6(9) 2.37 1.361 8(12) 2.35 1.362 10(15) 2.34 1.361 
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