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摘要

实验研究了复合添加微量元素La和Al-5Ti-1B对Al-Cu合金凝固组织的影响, 发现与单独添加Al-5Ti-1B相比, 复合添加Al-5Ti-1B和微量La可进一步细化Al-Cu合金凝固组织, 降低 α-Al的形核过冷度. 结合高分辨透射电镜表征和理论计算, 探明了复合添加微量元素La和Al-5Ti-1B对Al-Cu合金凝固组织的细化机理: 经Al-5Ti-1B细化处理的Al-Cu合金凝固时, Cu富集于 α-Al与TiB ₂粒子的界面处, 增加了 α-Al与TiB ₂粒子间的错配度, 降低了TiB ₂粒子对 α-Al的异质形核能力; 添加微量的La能有效降低 α-Al与TiB ₂粒子间的错配度, 减小TiB ₂粒子和 α-Al间的界面能及接触角, 从而提高TiB ₂粒子促进 α-Al的异质形核能力和Al-5Ti-1B对Al-Cu合金晶粒的细化效果.

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Abstract

Grain refinement of aluminium alloys can not only reduce the defects (such as segregation and hot tearing) but also improve the mechanical properties. Adding Al-5Ti-1B master alloy to the melt has become a common method to refine the solidification microstructure of aluminium alloys. A lot of researches have been carried out to uncover the grain refining mechanisms as well as to show the microstructure formation under the effect of grain refiner. These researches demonstrated that the grain refining efficiency is closely related to the number density of TiB ₂particles as well as the solute Ti concentration in the melt. However, there exist still problems to be resolved, such as the limited grain refinement potency of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. Recently, the addition of trace La to the melt has attracted much attention to control the microstructure of aluminium alloys. The Al-Cu alloys are widely applied to the automobile and aerospace fields due to their high strength, good ductility and high temperature properties. It has been reported that Cu can segregate to Al/TiB ₂interface in the Al-Cu melt inoculated with Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. But the effect of Cu segregation on the grain refinement result is not clear yet. Meanwhile, whether the grain refinement effect of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on Al-Cu alloy can be improved by the addition of trace La has not been reported. Solidification experiments are carried out for Al-2Cu alloy with the addition of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy+ trace La. The synergistic effect of trace La and Al-5Ti-1B on the solidification microstructure of Al-2Cu alloy is investigated. It is found that trace La can effectively enhance the refinement result of Al-2Cu alloy and further diminish the nucleation undercooling. Experimental and calculated results demonstrate that solute Cu segregates to the Al/TiB ₂interface and thus increases the interatomic spacing mismatch between Ti (0001) plane of the TiB ₂particles and the interfacial monolayer, while La segregation reduces the interatomic spacing mismatch. The trace La addition reduces the interfacial energy between α-Al and TiB ₂particles, improves the potency of TiB ₂particles to nucleate α-Al, and thus enhances the grain refinement result of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者:张丽丽,llzhang@imr.ac.cn; 赵九洲,jzzhao@imr.ac.cn

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2021YFA0716303)、中国载人航天工程和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51901231, 51971227)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Zhang Li-Li,llzhang@imr.ac.cn; Zhao Jiu-Zhou,jzzhao@imr.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA0716303), the China Manned Space Station Project, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51901231, 51971227).

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参考文献

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

i	k_i	m_i/(K·%^–1)	$ {c'_{{\text{S}}i}}/\% $	$ {c'_{{\text{L}}i}}/\% $	Reference
Ti	7.8	33.3	—	—	[12]
Cu	0.17	–3.4	5.69	32.5	[34]
La	0.004	–1.71	0.05	11.7	[35]

下载: 导出CSV

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