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摘要

极低温(< 1 K)环境对于凝聚态物理、天文观测和量子计算等前沿领域具有重要意义, 其中稀释制冷是应用最广泛的极低温制冷技术. 针对小冷量应用的冷凝泵型稀释制冷机利用冷凝泵实现 ³He的低温循环, 无需复杂的机械泵组和连接气路, 具有结构紧凑、操作便利、成本低等优势, 从而成为新的研究热点. 本文围绕冷凝泵型稀释制冷机, 介绍了其制冷原理和系统架构, 设计并搭建了预冷系统、稀释低温系统和测量系统, 并对整机进行了实验研究. 辅助多测温点测量系统, 通过多次实验总结了稀释低温循环过程, 由吸附制冷机预冷、稀释循环启动和稀释制冷三个阶段组成, 并且分析了系统启动和运行特性. 经过测试, 实验最低温度可达108 mK. 该制冷机可以很方便地拓展低温平台的制冷温区, 为凝聚态物理、材料、医学研究等前沿领域提供重要支撑.

关键词:

Abstract

Subkelvin refrigeration is necessary for many frontier research fields such as condensed-matter physics, astronomical observation, and quantum computing. Dilution refrigeration utilizes the entropy increase of ³He atoms when they flow from the concentrated phase to dilute phase to provide cooling, and has the advantages of continuous operation, large cooling power and no electromagnetic interference. It is the most widely used method among subkelvin refrigeration at present. For research scenarios requiring small cooling powers, the condensation-pump dilution refrigerator utilizes a condensation pump to achieve cold cycle of ³He, with no need of complex ambient pump systems or gas circuits, and has become a new research topic because of its compact structure, convenient operation and low cost. A condensation-pump dilution refrigerator is built and investigated in this work. The refrigerator consists of a mixing chamber, a continuous tube-in-tube heat exchanger, a still, and a condensation pump, and it is precooled by a GM-type pulse tube cryocooler below 4 K and an adsorption refrigerator below 400 mK. The ³He evaporates from the still, condenses in the condensation pump and provides cooling in the mixing chamber after being precooled in the heat exchanger. By means of the multi-temperature measuring system, the cold cycle of the dilution refrigerator can be summarized as three stages: precooling by the adsorption refrigerator, cycle start-up, and continuous dilution cooling. The operating characteristics of the system are analyzed. The experiments showed that the lowest no-load temperature reached 108 mK when the condenser temperature was 378 mK. Meanwhile, the temperature oscillation appeared, and the possible reasons are analyzed. In the future, the system performance will be improved by 1) adjusting the spiral mode and position of the continuous tube-in-tube heat exchanger and 2) increasing the heat transfer area between the cold plate and the fluid in the mixing chamber to reduce the fluid-solid temperature difference. The refrigerator introduced in this work can easily expand many existing cryogenic platforms working at higher temperatures, and effectively support developments of high-end equipment.

Keywords:

subkelvin/
dilution refrigeration/
condensation-pump dilution refrigerator/
cold cycle

作者及机构信息

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通信作者:戴巍,cryodw@mail.ipc.ac.cn

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2021YFC2203303)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 52176027)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Dai Wei,cryodw@mail.ipc.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key R &D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFC2203303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52176027).

文章全文: translate this paragraph

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

加热量/μW	平衡温度/mK	维持时间/h	计算制冷功率/μW
90	366.2	16.0	100
144	387.0	10.1	164
162	393.5	8.9	166

下载: 导出CSV

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