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摘要

量子相干性作为量子力学一个最显著的特征, 被认为是量子信息过程中很重要的一种量子资源. 单模压缩态和双模压缩态(Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态)均具有量子相干性, 在制备和传输过程中的量子相干性对于实际应用具有重要意义. 利用平衡零拍探测重构量子态的协方差矩阵, 本文定量分析了量子态制备过程中的不完美以及信道传输损耗对单模和双模压缩态量子相干性的影响. 实验证明量子态的压缩和纠缠特性及量子相干性对损耗均是鲁棒的. 特别地, 压缩和纠缠特性会随着量子态制备过程中热光子数的增大而减小, 直至消失, 而当压缩和纠缠均已消失时, 量子相干性依然存在. 实验结果为压缩态、纠缠态光场的量子相干性作为量子资源在量子信息过程中的应用提供了参考.

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Abstract

As one of the most remarkable features of quantum mechanics, quantum coherence is regarded as an important quantum resource in the quantum information processing. The one-mode squeezed state and the two-mode squeezed state (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states) as the most representative examples of nonclassical states both have quantum coherence. The squeezing property of the squeezed state is described by the variance of quadrature components, and the positive partial transposition (PPT) criterion is used to describe the entanglement of the EPR entangled states. The research of the quantum coherence of Gaussian states is also a bridge between the properties of squeezing and entanglement. It has been shown that the quantum coherence with infinite-dimensional systems can be quantified by relative entropy. One of the widely used effective methods to obtain the value of quantum coherence experimentally is the quantum tomography. The covariance matrices of the quantum states are reconstructed via balanced homodyne detection and then taken into quantum coherence expression to calculate the corresponding value. The main factors affecting quantum coherence are the classical and uncorrelated noise in the actual experimental generation processing and the decoherence effect caused by the coupling between quantum resources and the surrounding environment. And the quantum coherence evolution in the generation and transmission process of the quantum resources is essential for the practical applications. Therefore, we analyze in detail the influences of the impurity of quantum resource on squeezing, entanglement and quantum coherence. The evolutions of quantum coherence of these Gaussian states in the lossy channels are demonstrated experimentally. The quantum coherence is shown to be robust against the loss in the lossy channels, which is similar to the case of squeezing and entanglement. The quantum coherences of the squeezed states and the EPR entangled states are robust against the thermal photons in the actual experimental generation processing, although the squeezing and entanglement of Gaussian states disappear at a certain number of thermal photons. Our research results provide a reference for the practical applications of quantum coherence of the squeezed state and entangled states in the lossy environment.

Keywords:

squeezed state/
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled states/
purity of quantum state/
quantum coherence

作者及机构信息

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通信作者:蔚娟,yujuan643@126.com

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 62105256, 62122044, 61925503, 11904218, 12147215, 11834010, 62135008, 62001374, 12004276, 12103039)、陕西省教育厅自然科学研究项目(批准号: 21JK0694, 18JK0386, 21JY016)、山西省高等学校创新人才支持计划、山西省高等学校科技创新项目(批准号: 2019L0794)、山西青年三晋学者项目、山西省“1331 工程”重点学科建设计划资助的课题和陕西省自然科学基础研究项目(批准号: 2021JQ-640)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Yu Juan,yujuan643@126.com

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62105256, 62122044, 61925503, 11904218, 12147215, 11834010, 62135008, 62001374, 12004276, 12103039), the Natural Science Research Program of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 21JK0694, 18JK0386, 21JY016), the Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi, China, the Scientific and Technological Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi, China (Grant No. 2019L0794), the Program for Sanjin Scholars of Shanxi Province, China, the Fund for Shanxi “1331Project” Key Subjects Construction, China, and the Natural Science Basic Research Program in Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2021JQ-640).

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施引文献

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