Asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy is a new ultra-high resolution remote sensing detection technology. Based on its features of large luminous flux, small size, and high precision, it is very suitable for high-precision detection in a deep-space environment. Because of its high sensitivity, various details may interfere with the measurement results in experiment. In this paper, from the perspective of experimental condition, considering the influences of factors such as fringe center position offset, uneven illumination, and Gaussian noise, a compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method is proposed. The simulation calculation and data analysis show that the offset of the nominal point relative to the center position will significantly affect the systematic error of spectral velocity measurement. And the compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method can smooth the environmental noise and random interference to a certain extent. For the interference fringe image with 1% Gaussian noise, the velocity measurement error can be controlled within 5‰ by using the compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method, which makes the asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology more suitable for space optoelectronic precision measurement.