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摘要

为使锂离子电池组的散热达到更高的安全性, 设计了锂离子电池组的一种液冷冷却模型, 该模型采用两种流体进行冷却. 对模型中不同雷诺数、不同微通道个数、不同微通道半径等条件下的电池温度分布进行了模拟研究. 模拟结果表明: 雷诺数对锂离子电池组的散热影响存在临界值; 对各条件进行优化分析, 优化后的液冷冷却模型在理论上能有效降低锂离子电池组的最高温度, 与单体电池在2C放电倍率的工况下相比, 锂电池最高温度下降了26.24 K, 并改善了锂离子电池组的温度分布均匀性.

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Abstract

A detailed three-dimensional thermal model is developed to examine the thermal behaviour of a lithium-ion battery. This model is a cross-flow liquid cooling model, which can make the heat dissipation of lithium-ion battery pack achieve higher safety. Two kinds of fluids are used for cooling, and the polynomial fitting function is used as the heat source term of lithium battery pack. The battery temperature distribution under the conditions of different Reynolds numbers, different numbers of micro-channel and different micro-channel radii are studied for this model. The simulation results show that the maximum battery temperature is 295.84 K, the minimum battery temperature is 293.14 K, and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack is 2.7 K. The maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery under the model are in line with the reasonable operating temperature range of lithium-ion battery pack. The maximum temperature of battery pack decreases with the increase of Reynolds number, but the effect of Reynolds number on heat dissipation of lithium-ion battery pack has a critical value. As the number of micro-channels increases, the maximum temperature of the battery string decreases. However, when the number of micro-channels increases to a certain value, the maximum temperature of the battery pack decreases slowly. The maximum temperature of the battery pack does not decrease monotonically as the radius of the micro-channel increases. Orthogonal analysis results show that the Reynolds number has the greatest influence on the cooling effect of the model, followed by the size of the micro-channel radius, and the number of micro-channels has the least influence. The optimized liquid cooling model can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of lithium-ion battery in theory, and the maximum temperature of lithium-ion battery decreases by 26.24 K in comparison with that of single battery at 2C discharge rate. The reliability of the cross-flow channel model is proved by numerical analysis, and it is also proved that the cross-flow channel has an equilibrium point between the perturbation gain and the flow retarding effect. The heat dissipation effect of lithium- ion battery pack is correlated with the number and radius of micro-channels, but not a single positive correlation. Reasonably increasing the number and size of micro-channels can effectively enhance the heat dissipation effect of battery pack.

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作者及机构信息

通信作者:李科群,kequn_li@126.com

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Li Ke-Qun,kequn_li@126.com

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参考文献

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参数	ρ/(kg·m^–3)	C_p/(J·kg^–1·K^–1)	Λ/(W·m^–1·K^–1)	Μ/(Pa·s)
锂电池	2776	1075	各向异性	—
乙二醇	1068	3319	0.387	—
水	ρ(T)	C_p(T)	λ(T)	μ(T)
铝	2702	237	903	—

下载: 导出CSV

微通道半径/mm	电池组最高温度/K	电池组最大温差/K
0.3	296.26	3.16
0.5	295.86	2.73
0.8	295.84	2.70
1.0	295.46	2.31
1.3	295.34	2.19
1.6	295.52	2.37
2.0	295.74	2.65

下载: 导出CSV

序号	雷诺数 (因素A)	微通道半径/mm (因素B)	微通道个数/个 (因素C)	锂电池组的温度/K
1	2500	0.3	3	296.33
2	2500	0.5	4	296.35
3	2500	0.8	5	295.54
4	2500	1.3	7	295.47
5	7500	0.3	4	295.57
6	7500	0.5	3	295.18
7	7500	0.8	7	295.13
8	7500	1.3	5	294.96
9	12500	0.3	5	295.03
10	12500	0.5	7	294.50
11	12500	0.8	4	294.91
12	12500	1.3	3	294.84
13	15500	0.3	4	294.91
14	15500	0.5	3	294.83
15	15500	0.8	7	294.87
16	15500	1.3	5	294.71

下载: 导出CSV

名称	因素A	因素B	因素C
Z1	1183.74	1181.84	1181.18
Z2	1180.84	1180.86	1181.74
Z3	1179.28	1180.50	1180.29
Z4	1179.32	1179.98	1179.97
Z1算术平均值	295.935	295.46	295.295
Z2算术平均值	295.21	295.215	295.435
Z3算术平均值	294.82	295.125	295.0725
Z4算术平均值	294.83	294.995	294.9925
极差	0.725	0.465	0.4425
主次顺序	A>B>C
优水平	A4	B4	C3
优组合	A4 B4 C3

下载: 导出CSV

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