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量子卫星通信是量子通信领域的研究热点和前沿, 具有覆盖面广、通信效率高和安全性强的特点. 量子通信组网的构建策略是量子通信的重要组成部分, 然而, 有关量子空中通信组网构建策略的研究, 迄今尚未展开. 本文采用仿生学原理, 根据雁群空中飞行阵列的特点, 提出了一种仿雁群Λ型量子空中通信组网拓扑结构, 该结构可分为单头节点Λ型和多头节点Λ型. 基于Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)态的可认证QSDC网间通信系统和GHZ-EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen)量子卫星组网隐形传态通信系统, 对该Λ型量子空中通信组网结构的误码率、能耗、吞吐率等参数进行了研究. 理论分析和仿真结果表明, 仿雁群单头节点Λ型组网结构, 在噪声平均功率谱密度为2 dB/m的环境中, 当网中头节点与子节点的通信距离小于400 m时, 误码率小于0.094; 若头节点与子节点的通信距离由400 m增大到1000 m时, 误码率增长较快, 达到0.585; 当单侧子节点数由2增加到7时, 吞吐率由110.6 kb/s下降到46.45 kb/s. 以总节点数21为例, 单头节点Λ型组网结构可节省32.6%的能量, 吞吐率下降到23.9 kb/s. 相比之下, 总节点数为21的多头节点Λ型组网结构, 可节省29.3%的能量, 吞吐率达到163.4 kb/s. 由此可见, 采用仿雁群阵列结构的量子空中组网, 具有很好的网络可扩展性、优良的信息安全性和灵活的网络结构.Quantum satellite communication is a research hotspot in the field of quantum communication, which has the characteristics of wide coverage, high communication efficiency and strong security. The construction strategy of the quantum communication network is an essential part of quantum communication. However, the construction strategy of quantum air communication network has not been studied yet so far. In this paper, according to the characteristics of flying goose array and principle of bionics, a simulated wild goose group Λ quantum air communication network topology is proposed, which can be divided into single-head node Λ type and multi-head node Λ type. Based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state particles, a certifiable QSDC inter-network communication system and a GHZ-EPR quantum teleportation communication system are established. The bit error rate, energy consumption, throughput, and other parameters are studied. After theoretical analysis and experimental measurement, for the single-head node Λ network structure in the environment where the average power spectral density of noise is 2 dB/m, when the communication distance between the head node and the child node is less than 400 m, the bit error rate is less than 0.094; if the communication distance increases from 400 m to 1000 m, the bit error rate increases rapidly, reaching 0.585; when the number of child nodes on one side increases from 2 to 7, the throughput decreases from 110.6 kb/s to 46.45 kb/s. For example, when the total number of nodes is 21, the single-head node Λ network structure saves 32.6% energy but reduces the throughput to 23.9 kb/s. By comparison, the multi-head node Λ network structure with 21 nodes saves 29.3% energy and achieves throughput of 163.4 kb/s. The above studies show that the quantum air network with the structure of imitation goose group array has good network scalability, excellent information security and flexible network structure.
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Keywords:
- Λ-type network structure of imitation wild goose group/
- quantum air communication network/
- energy consumption analysis/
- Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state
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