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近年来, 很多基于生成模型的机器学习算法, 如生成对抗网络、玻尔兹曼机、自编码器等, 在数据生成、概率模拟等方面有广泛的应用. 另一方面, 融合量子计算和经典机器学习的量子机器学习算法也不断被提出. 特别地, 作为量子机器学习的分支, 目前已有很多进展. 量子生成算法是一类量子-经典混合算法, 算法中引入参数量子线路, 通过执行参数线路得到损失函数及其梯度, 然后通过经典的优化算法来优化求解, 从而完成对应的生成任务. 与经典生成模型相比, 通过参数线路将数据流映射到高维希尔伯特空间, 在高维空间中学习数据的特征, 从而在一些特定问题上超越经典生成模型. 在中等规模含噪声的量子体系下, 是一类有潜力实现量子优势的量子机器学习算法.In recent years, many generation-based machine learning algorithms such as generative adversarial networks, Boltzmann machine, auto-encoder, etc. are widely used in data generation and probability distribution simulation. On the other hand, the combined algorithms of quantum computation and classical machine learning algorithms are proposed in various styles. Especially, there exist many relevant researches about quantum generative models, which are regarded as the branch of quantum machine learning. Quantum generative models are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, in which parameterized quantum circuits are introduced to obtain the cost function of the task as well as its gradient, and then classical optimization algorithms are used to find the optima. Compared with its classical counterpart, quantum generative models map the data stream to high-dimensional Hilbert space with parameterized quantum circuits. In the mapping space, data features are easier to learn, which can surpass classical generative models in some tasks. Besides, quantum generative models are potential to realize the quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.
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