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摘要

齿鲸依靠其天然的声呐系统进行水下目标探测. 齿鲸通过前额的声发射系统发出超声脉冲, 经声阻抗各异的声学结构调控形成波束, 作用于目标, 利用下颌区域的多相声接收通道接收目标回波. 齿鲸通过分析目标回波中蕴含的时域、频域与能量等多维度信息, 并进行非线性组合, 实现目标探测与辨别. 齿鲸目标探测过程蕴藏复杂的物理机理. 本文以目标探测实验测量、目标回波散射分析与仿齿鲸声呐系统为出发点, 回溯齿鲸声呐目标探测的相关研究. 齿鲸在目标探测过程中, 会根据目标强度、回波的时频信息, 自适应调整其声发射脉冲频率、发射系统几何形态, 实现高效探测, 是优越的水声探测系统. 参考齿鲸声呐设计人工探测系统可获取多维度的声场信息, 与生物实验测量相辅相成, 加深对生物多相介质中的声发射与声接收过程的理解, 丰富齿鲸目标探测物理机理认知, 为人工仿生声探测技术的发展与仿生水下装置设计提供新参考.

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Abstract

Odontocetes have evolved to own a unique natural sonar system to detect targets. Odontocetes use their sound emission systems in their foreheads to produce echolocation clicking targets. Echoes contain information about the size, material and ranges of the targets. Odontocetes can probe into the echoes in both time domain and frequency domain to realize the target discrimination. More studies are necessary to reveal how odontcoetes collect meaningful information from echoes. In this paper, the target detection by odontocetes is reviewed from three aspects, i.e. detection range, target discrimination and biomimetic target detection system. Odontocetes can actively adjust their biosonar systems to realize optimal detection. Numerical simulation and bioinspired systems can help to shed light on physical mechanism of odontocetes’ target detection process. Multiple theories are needed to deepen our understanding of target detection by odontocetes, which can provide references for designing intelligent biomimetic signal processors.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者:张宇,yuzhang@xmu.edu.cn

作者简介:

张宇, 教育部长江学者特聘教授, 南京大学博士(2000年). 美国西北大学和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校博士后、助理科学家、副科学家. 美国麻省理工学院高级访问学者. 主要研究领域为海洋仿生、海洋生物声学、仿生探测与通信、海洋人工智能等. 在Science Advances,National Science Review,Journal of the Acoustical Society of America等国际权威期刊发表论文一百余篇. 主持有关重点项目、国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划等课题. 担任Science Advances,Physics Review Letters等专业评审. 担任中国海洋学会海洋物理分会理事会理事、中国海洋学会深海技术分会理事会理事等

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2018YFC1407504, 2018YFC1407505)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12074323)、厦门市海洋与渔业发展专项资金(批准号: 20CZB015HJ01)、广东省水利科技创新项目(批准号: 2020-16)、中国博士后科学基金(批准号: 2020M682086)和博士后创新人才支持计划(批准号: BX2021168)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Zhang Yu,yuzhang@xmu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFC1407504, 2018YFC1407505), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074323), the Special Fund for Marine and Fishery Development of Xiamen, China (Grant No. 20CZB015HJ01), the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2020-16), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M682086), and the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (Grant No. BX2021168)

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