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月球的特殊环境使月尘具有导电等特殊的性质, 极易黏附在探测仪器上造成设备的失效, 给探月工程带来极大的危害, 因此国内外众多研究组针对月尘危害展开深入研究. 本文从黏附机理、防护方法和实验测试几方面对月尘的被动防护技术进行综述和展望. 首先, 阐述了月尘对探测设备造成的不利影响及影响因素, 进而具体论述月尘黏附的机理, 详细介绍造成黏附的两种主要作用力的理论基础. 然后, 针对不同作用机理系统阐述了降低月尘颗粒黏附力的主要方法, 对月尘被动防护技术的最新进展进行了总结. 最后, 结合防护方式的不同, 总结了测试月尘黏附力的方法, 从而为有效实现探测设备表面月尘防护奠定基础.In lunar circumstances, lunar dust has special properties such as conductivity, which can cause lunar dust to easily adhere to the surface of detection equipment. And this behavior will cause the equipment to fail to function properly and thus affecting the lunar exploration missions. According to the researches of lunar dust protection, in this article the passive protection technology of lunar dust is mainly analyzed. Firstly, the lunar-dust caused adverse factors and effects on detection equipment are analyzed. Then the mechanism of lunar dust adhesion is studied, and the theoretical basis of the two main forces that cause adhesion is discussed. Secondly, the main methods of reducing the adhesion of lunar dust particles are systematically explained according to different adhesion mechanisms, and the latest progress of the passive protection technology of the lunar dust is introduced in detail. Combined with the different protection methods, the method of testing the adhesion of the lunar dust is summarized. These studies lay the foundation for effectively protecting the surface of detection equipment from being affected by the lunar dust.
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