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基于接触生电与静电感应原理的摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)及其自供能传感器在新能源和物联网等领域有重要的应用前景. 存在电负性差异的聚合物材料在接触分离过程中, 由于电子的转移, 在聚合物周围空间会产生变化的静电场, 已有的TENG研究中, 主要利用垂直于摩擦层和电极层平面的场强产生静电感应, 忽略了聚合物周边的电场效应. 根据静电感应原理, 处于电场中的导体其内部电荷会重新分布, 这为导体在与摩擦材料不接触的情况下导体表面产生感应电信号提供了途径. 本文设计了一种利用摩擦层周围变化静电场的非接触式摩擦纳米发电机(NC-TENG), 研究了硅胶薄膜和丁腈橡胶薄膜在接触分离过程中, 导体与摩擦材料的距离、导体感应面积尺寸及导体相对于摩擦材料所处方位等参数对感应电输出性能的影响. 结果表明, 在与摩擦材料完全分离的情况下, NC-TENG可以产生稳定的电信号输出. NC-TENG的感应电压随着导体与摩擦材料距离的增大而减小, 随着导体感应面积的增大而逐渐增大, 对于尺寸为30 mm × 30 mm的摩擦材料, 导体在面积为60 mm × 45 mm时NC-TENG的电输出趋于稳定, 产生约13 V的开路电压. 此外, 导体相对于摩擦材料所处的方位对感应电输出也具有显著的影响. 本文设计的NC-TENG提供了一种新颖的电输出产生模式, 为接下来对TENG的研究及自供能传感器的应用提供了更多可能性.Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and its self-powered sensor based on the principles of contact electricity generation and electrostatic induction have important application prospects in the fields of new energy and internet of things (IoT). In the contact separation process of polymer materials with different electronegativity values, due to the transfer of electrons, a changing electrostatic field will be generated in the space around the polymer. In the existing TENG research, the field strength perpendicular to the plane of the friction layer and the electrode layer is mainly used to generate electrostatic induction, and the electric field effect around the polymer is ignored. According to the principle of electrostatic induction, the internal charge of the conductor in the electric field will be redistributed, which provides a way for the conductor to generate an induced electrical signal on the surface of the conductor without contacting the friction material. In this paper, we design a non-contact triboelectric nanogenerator (NC-TENG) based on changing electrostatic field. The influence of the distance between the conductor and the friction material, the induction area of the conductor and the position of the conductor relative to the friction material on the induced electrical output performance are studied when silicone rubber and nitrile rubber are used as a friction material. The results show that the NC-TENG can produce a stable electrical signal output when the conductor is completely separated from the friction material. The induced voltage of NC-TENG decreases with the increase of the distance between the conductor and the friction material, and gradually increases with the increase of the conductor's induction area. For the friction material with a size of 30 mm × 30 mm, the electrical output of NC-TENG tends to be stable when its conductor area is 60 mm × 45 mm. In addition, the different orientation of the conductor relative to the friction material also has a significant effect on the induced electrical output. The NC-TENG designed in this paper provides a novel electrical output generation mode, which provides a higher possibility for the subsequent research on TENG and the application of self-powered sensors.
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Keywords:
- changing electric field/
- non-contact/
- triboelectric nanogenerator/
- electrostatic induction
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