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Due to the excellent pyroelectric properties, ferroelectric ceramics containing lead element are widely used as sensitive materials in pyroelectric infrared detectors at present. The research and development of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics for this kind of detector has become a hot research spot in the areas of dielectric physics and materials in recent years. In this article, the recent research progress of the pyroelectric effect in series of important lead-free ferroelectric ceramic systems is reviewed, including barium titanate, sodium bismuth titanate, potassium sodium niobite, barium strontium niobite, etc. The methods of enhancing the pyroelectric effect are summarized, including doping modification, phase boundary design, process improvement, etc. Through comparative analysis of the relationship between pyroelectric properties and depolarization temperatures of different systems, it is concluded that bismuth sodium titanate based ceramics are the most potential lead-free materials in the future. The prospective research work of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics for infrared detection is also suggested.
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材料组成 热释电系数/
10–4C·m–2·K–1介电
常数介电
损耗居里
温度/℃Fi/pm·V–1 Fv/m2·C–1 Fd/µPa–1/2 文献 BaTiO3 2.00 1200 120 80 0.0080 4.20 [28] Ba0.95Ca0.05TiO3 ～2.00 113 [29] Ba0.90Sr0.10TiO3 4.70 1088 0.016 108 0.0173 [30] Ba0.80Sr0.20TiO3 4.20 1419 0.018 77 0.0118 [30] BaSn0.05Ti0.95O3 4.32 2520 0.029 77 228 0.0100 8.20 [35] Porous BaSn0.05Ti0.95O3 5.57 2180 0.035 / 355 0.01800 22.00 [35] BaZr0.025Ti0.975O3 7.50 105 [36] BaCe0.10Ti0.90O3 7.82 83 339 0.0110 10.39 [37] 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 5.84 93 [32] (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3-1 wt%Li 8.60 2590 0.033 79 407.6 0.0150 15.80 [43] (Ba0.85Sr0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 14.00 4691 0.041 46 600 0.0150 14.50 [45] (Ba0.84Ca0.15Sr0.01)(Zr0.09Ti0.9Sn0.01)O3 11.70 4200 0.020 83 479 0.0130 18.10 [44] Modified PZT 3.80 290 0.003 230 152 0.0600 58.00 [15] Modified PT 3.80 220 0.011 255 152 0.0800 33.00 [15] PMN-PZT 3.56 218 0.007 226 142 0.0741 59.30 [12] 
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材料组成 热释电系数/10–4C·m–2·K–1 介电常数 介电损耗 居里温度/℃ 退极化
温度/℃Fi/pm·V–1 Fv/m2·C–1 Fd/µPa–1/2 文献 (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 2.50 320 200 [49] 0.94BNT-0.06BT 3.15 396 0.0436 115 112 0.0210 9.080 [50] 0.94(Bi0.52Na0.52)TiO3-0.06BT 6.99 55 250 0.0470 16.630 [50] 0.94BNT-0.06BT-0.005La+0.002Ta 12.92 671 0.0472 40 461 0.0780 2.760 [54] 0.94BNT-0.06BT-0.005La 7.42 69 265 0.0480 1.400 [52] 0.94BNT-0.06Ba1.02TiO3 3.54 85 124 0.0095 8.300 [51] 0.80BNT-0.20BT 2.42 209 0.0268 15.300 [55] 0.93BNT-0.07Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3 5.70 87 203 0.0220 10.500 [56] 0.93BNT-0.07Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3-0.00125Mn 6.10 ～300 72 217 0.0230 12.600 [58] 0.94BNT-0.06Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 27.20 1462 0.0460 300 38 0.0750 [57] 0.95(0.95BNT-0.05BKT)-0.05BT 3.25 853 0.0278 1945 0.0260 13.430 [52] 0.95(0.94BNT-0.016BLT-0.05BKT)-0.05BT 3.60 858 0.0294 221 0.0290 14.750 [52] 0.82BNT-0.18BKT-0.008Mn 17.00 605 0.0160 ～350 ～150 65.600 [53] 0.88BNT-0.084BKT-0.036BT 3.66 933 0.0235 301 165 215 0.0260 15.408 [61] 0.98BNT-0.02BA 3.87 330 0.0110 ～300 190 138 0.0471 23.300 [66] 0.98(0.98BNT-0.02BA)-0.02NN 7.48 372 0.0110 ～300 155 266 0.0807 42.200 [66] 0.97(0.99BNT-0.01BA)-0.03KNN 3.70 512 0.0290 282 118 132 0.0289 11.500 [67] 0.98(0.98BNT-0.02BA)-0.02KNN 8.42 880 0.0400 ～280 303 0.0390 17.200 [68] 0.715BNT-0.22ST-0.065BT-0.4 wt%glass 6.80 734 0.1430 157 / 0.0370 8.850 [65] 0.98BNT-0.02BN 4.42 465 0.0080 195 171 0.0382 27.400 [64] 0.97BNT-0.03BNN 5.60 549 0.0090 143 217 0.041 30.100 [64] 下载:
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材料组成 热释电系数/
10–4C·m–2·K–1介电
常数介电
损耗居里
温度/℃退极化
温度/℃Fi/pm·V–1 Fv/m2·C–1 Fd/µPa–1/2 文献 KNN 1.40 472 410 [92] 0.97KNN-0.03BKT+0.8 wt%MnO 2.21 1277 0.031 ～350 90.07 0.0080 4.81 [93] 0.97KNN-0.03BKT+2 wt%MnO 2.18 980 0.035 ～350 99.4 0.0114 5.71 [93] 0.96(K0.5N0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3-0.04Li(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 1.65 1230 0.018 123.5 0.0110 8.82 [62] 0.96(K0.5N0.5)(Nb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06)O3-0.04Li(Nb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06)O3 1.90 1520 0.018 93.1 0.0070 5.98 [62] 0.95(K0.45Na0.55) NbO3-0.05LiSbO3 15.00 891 35 [94] NaNbO3-0.01MnO-0.005Bi2O3 1.85 270 67 0.0333 53.20 [96] 0.85NaNbO3-0.15Ba0.6(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.4TiO3 3.11 1151 0.016 110 104 0.0102 8.10 [95] 0.95AgNbO3-0.05LiTaO3 3.68 252 0.022 130 138 0.0602 19.70 [97] 下载:
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材料组成 热释电系数
/10–4C·m–2·K–1介电
常数介电
损耗居里
温度/℃Fi/pm·V–1 Fv/m2·C–1 Fd/µPa–1/2 文献 Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 2.00 84 [71] Gd0.01Sr0.515Ba0.47Nb2O6 2.85 2480 149 4.5 [74] (K0.5Na0.5)2.3(Sr0.6Ba0.4)3.85Nb10O30 2.11 ～1600 227 14.1 [76] Ca0.15(Sr0.5Ba0.5)0.85Nb2O6 3.61 933 0.0270 ～90 172 0.0210 11.5 [80] Sr0.525Ca0.125Ba0.35Nb2O6 2.37 ～50 [81] Ca0.2Sr0.1Ba0.7Nb2O6 1.24 217 60 0.0203 6.1 [82] Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6H.F(⊥) 5.10 980 0.0180 ～105 230 0.0281 18.7 [84] Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6H.F(//) 4.00 468 0.0050 ～115 189 0.0456 40.6 [84] Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6TGG(⊥) 2.90 770 0.0360 148 [86] Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6O.F 0.71 491 0.0469 163 34 0.0078 2.4 [90] Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6H.P(200 MPa⊥) 2.38 676 0.0534 163 113 0.0189 6.3 [90] 下载:
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材料组成 热释电系数
/10–4C·m–2·K–1介电
常数介电
损耗居里
温度/℃Fi/pm·V–1 Fv/m2·C–1 Fd/µPa–1/2 文献 (NaBi)Bi4Ti4O15+1 wt%MnCO3(O.F) 0.560 140 0.0029 658 18.70 0.015 9.88 [102] (NaBi)Bi4Ti4O15+1 wt%MnCO3(H.F) 1.300 149 0.0032 660 43.50 0.033 21.1 [102] (NaBi)0.95Ca0.05Bi4Ti4O15+1 wt%MnCO3(O.F) 0.820 148 0.0016 680 29.10 0.027 63.5 [102] (NaBi)0.95Ca0.05Bi4Ti4O15+1 wt%MnCO3(H.F) 1.000 134 0.0017 665 35.20 0.032 78.4 [102] Sr1.1Bi3.9Ti3.9Ta0.1O15+0.5 wt%MnCO3 1.300 190 0.0010 ～520 0.030 40.0 [100] CaBi4Ti4O15 0.359 145 0.0080 790 14.74 0.012 4.6 [99] CaBi4Ti3.95Nb0.05O15 0.440 136 0.0060 790 18.07 0.015 6.7 [99] CaBi4Ti4O15+0.2 wt%MnO2 0.582 130 0.0050 790 23.90 0.021 10.0 [99] CaBi4Ti3.95Nb0.05O15+0.2 wt%MnO2 0.844 99 0.0020 790 34.65 0.040 24.4 [99] Bi4Ti2.9W0.1O12-0.04%Mn 0.571 147 0.0030 655 [101] 下载:
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