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摘要

金属纳米粒子的局域表面等离子体共振效应常被用于增强有机发光二极管中激子辐射强度, 其增强效果与金属纳米粒子的共振波长、共振强度及其与激子之间的耦合密切相关. 本文将具有较强局域表面等离子体共振效应的银纳米立方引入多层溶液加工白光有机发光二极管中提升器件性能. 在传统的溶液加工有机发光二极管中, 发光层主体一般具有较强的空穴传输性, 因此激子主要在发光层/电子传输层界面附近复合. 本文将银纳米立方掺入电子传输层中, 使银纳米立方与激子之间产生充分的耦合作用, 提高激子发光强度. 对银纳米立方包裹二氧化硅外壳, 一方面优化纳米立方与激子之间的距离, 另一方面减小其对器件中电荷传输的影响. 通过优化银纳米立方的浓度, 多层溶液加工白光有机发光二极管的电流效率达到30.0 cd/A, 是基础器件效率的2倍. 另外, 由于银纳米立方的等离子体共振光谱较宽, 同时增强了白光中蓝光和黄光的强度, 因此引入银纳米立方基本没有影响白光的色度. 研究结果表明引入金属纳米粒子是提升多层溶液加工发光二极管性能的有效方法.

关键词:

Abstract

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of metal nanoparticles (MNs) has been widely applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to improve the radiation of excitons. The LSPR wavelength and intensity of MNs and the coupling between MNs and excitons greatly affect the LSPR effect on exciton radiation. In this work, silica coated silver nanocubes (Ag@SiO ₂NCs) were doped in the electron transport layer (ETL) of a solution-processed multilayered white OLED (WOLED). Due to the sharp edges and corners, Ag NCs have strong LSPR effect and can effectively enhance the radiation of nearby excitons. With an appropriate concentration of Ag@SiO ₂NCs, the WOLED achieved two fold improvement in the current efficiency comparing with the control device without Ag@SiO ₂NCs incorporated. The working mechanism of the Ag@SiO ₂NCs based WOLED was investigated in detail. For the solution-processed OLED, excitons usually form and recombine near the interface of emission layer and electron transport layer (EML/ETL) because the commonly used host material (such as polyvinylcarbazole, PVK) has the unipolar hole transport property. So the Ag@SiO ₂NCs in ETL greatly enhanced the radiation of the excitons located near the EML/ETL interface, which mostly contributed to the performance enhancement of the Ag@SiO ₂NCs based WOLED. Study on a group of devices with Ag@SiO ₂NCs doped in different locations indicated that Ag@SiO ₂NCs in ETL showed more effective LSPR effect than those in hole injection layer. Electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of the WOLEDs declared that the Ag@SiO ₂NCs simultaneously improved the radiation intensities of the blue and yellow excitons and helped the WOLED maintain the good chromaticity stability, which was mainly attributed to the wide LSPR wavelength range (450–650 nm) of the Ag@SiO ₂NCs. The SiO ₂coating layer of the Ag@SiO ₂NCs played the important role in the LSPR enhanced emission. On the one hand, it formed an appropriated distance between the Ag NCs and the extions, helping to generate the strong coupling between them. On the other hand, it suppressed the effect of Ag NCs on charge trapping, keeping the stability of the carrier transport in the device. Our research demonstrate MNs can effectively improve the performance of OLEDs by carefully designing the device structure.

Keywords:

white organic light-emitting diodes/
Ag nanocubes/
localized surface plasmon resonance/
solution-processed electron transporting layer

作者及机构信息

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通信作者:陈淑芬,iamsfchen@njupt.edu.cn

基金项目:国家级-国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB932203)

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Corresponding author:Chen Shu-Fen,iamsfchen@njupt.edu.cn

文章全文: translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

WOLED	Max Luminance/cd·m^–2	Max Current Efficiency/cd·A^–1	Max Power Efficiency/lm·W^–1	Current Efficiency Enhancement/%	Power Efficiency Enhancement/%
W/O NCs	10091	14.7/14.1^a	8.5/7.7^a	—	—
1% NCs in ETL	15293	20.7	13.3	40.8^b	56.5^b
1.5% NCs in ETL	19427	30.0/26.3^a	18.3/16.5^a	104.1/86.5^a	115.3/114.3^a
2% NCs in ETL	12091	16.9	11.1	15.0^b	30.6^b
1.5% NCs in HIL	16545	17.6	11.5	24.8^c	49.4^c
1.5% NCs in HIL&ETL	11879	19.2	17.7	36.9^c	129.9^c
^a图3中的器件效率或效率增强幅度/图6中的器件效率或效率增强幅度; ^b相对于图3中基础器件的效率增强幅度; ^c相对于图6中基础器件的效率增强幅度.

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