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As typical examples of strongly correlated electron systems, heavy fermion materials exhibit diverse quantum ground states such as antiferromagnetic order, ferromagnetic order, non-Fermi-liquid phases, unconventional superconductivity, quantum spin liquids, orbital order and topological order. In contrast to other strongly correlated electron systems, heavy fermion systems have relatively small characteristic energy scales, which allows different quantum states to be tuned continuously by using external parameters such as pressure, magnetic field and chemical doping. Heavy fermion materials thus serve as ideal systems for studying quantum phase transitions, superconductivity and their interplay. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of the field of heavy fermions and the current status both in China and in other countries. The properties of several representative heavy fermion systems are summarized, and some frontier scientific issues in this field are discussed, in particular, concerning heavy fermion superconductors, quantum phase transitions and exotic topological states in strongly correlated electron systems.
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Keywords:
- heavy fermion/
- unconventional superconductivity/
- strongly correlated topological states/
- quantum phase transition/
- quantum tuning
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类型 化合物 Tc/K γ/mJ·mol–1·K–2 Hc2(0)/T CeT2X2 CeCu2Si2 0.64 1000 0.45//a CeCu2Ge2 0.64 (10 GPa) 2//a CePd2Si2 0.5 (2.7 GPa) 65 0.7//a 1.3//c CeAu2Si2 2.5 (22.5 GPa) CeNi2Ge2 0.3 350 CeRh2Si2 0.35 (0.9 GPa) 23 CeTX3 CeRhSi3 1.05 (2.6 GPa) 110 7 CeIrSi3 1.59 (2.6 GPa) 120 30 CeNiGe3 0.48 (6.8 GPa) 34 2 CeCoGe3 0.7 (5.5 GPa) 32 22 CeIrGe3 1.6 (24 GPa) 80 17 CemTnIn3m+2n CeIn3 0.25 (2.5 GPa) 370 0.45 CeCoIn5 2.3 300 11.6—11.9//a 4.95//c CeRhIn5 1.9 (1.77 GPa) 50 10.2//c CeIrIn5 0.4 700 0.53 CePt2In7 2.3 (3.1 GPa) 340 15 Ce2CoIn8 0.4 460 Ce2RhIn8 2.0 (2.3 GPa) 400 5.36 Ce2PdIn8 0.68 550 Ce3PdIn11 0.42 290 2.8 其他铈基 CePt3Si 0.75 390 5 CePd5Al2 0.57 (10.8 GPa) 56 0.25 镨基 PrOs4Sb12 1.85 500 2.3 PrTi2Al20 0.2 100 0.006 PrV2Al20 0.05 90 0.014 镱基 YbRh2Si2 0.002 β-YbAlB4 0.08 130 0.03 铀基 UIr 0.14 (2.6 GPa) 48.5 0.026 UGe2 0.7 (1.2 GPa) 100 1.4 UBe13 0.9 1000 9 UPt3 0.55, 0.48 422 2.8//a UCoGe 0.66 55 5//a URhGe 0.25 160 2//a UNi2Al3 1.0 120 1.6 UPd2Al3 2.0 150 0.8 URu2Si2 1.5 65.5 10 镎基 NpPd5Al2 5.0 200 3.7//a 钚基 PuCoGa5 18.0 77 74 PuCoIn5 2.5 200 32//a, 10//c PuRhGa5 9 80-150 25//ab PuRhIn5 1.7 350 23//ab 
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