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摘要

Weibel不稳定性的自生电磁场对于等离子体能量输运、无碰撞冲击波形成等物理过程具有关键的影响. 实验上往往采用质子束照相来诊断其电磁场结构. 一般认为, 探针质子束的轨迹偏转主要来自于磁场, 而自生电场的作用被认为可忽略不计. 本文利用三维粒子模拟程序研究了典型参数下的Weibel不稳定性发展过程, 并使用径迹追踪法评估了Weibel不稳定性的质子束照相过程中电场和磁场对探针质子束的偏转作用. 对比分析发现, 引起探针质子束偏转的主要因素并不是磁场, 而是过去研究中常被忽略的电场. 主要原因为: Weibel不稳定性的自生磁场往往成管状结构, 在使用探针质子束对其进行侧向照相时, 磁场的作用会被自身中和并抵消. 该认识将有助于深入理解Weibel不稳定性质子照相的实验结果.

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Abstract

The electric and magnetic fields generated by the Weibel instability, most of which have a tube-like structure, are of importance for many relevant physical processes in the astrophysics and the inertial confinement fusion. Experimentally, proton radiography is a commonly used method to diagnose the Weibel instability, where the proton deflection introduced from the self-generated electric field is usually ignored. This assumption, however, is in conflict with the experimental observations by Quinn, Fox and Huntington, et al. because the magnetic field with a tube-like structure cannot introduce parallel flux striations on the deflection plane in the proton radiography. In this paper, we re-examine the nature of the proton radiography of the Weibel instability numerically. Two symmetric counterstreaming plasma flows are used to generate the electron Weibel instability with the three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The proton radiography of the Weibel instability generated electric and magnetic fields are calculated with the ray tracing method. Three cases are considered andcompared: only the self-generated electric field Eis included, only the self-generated magnetic field Bis included, both the electric field Eand magnetic field Bare included. It is shown that when only Eis included, the probe proton flux density perturbation on the detection plane, i.e., δ n/ n ₀, is much larger than that when only Bis included. Also, when both Eand Bare included, δ n/ n ₀is almost the same as that when only Eis included. This suggests that in the proton radiography of the Weibel instability generated electric and magnetic fields, the deflection from the electric field dominates the radiography, whereas the magnetic field has an ignorable influence. Our conclusion is quite different from that obtained on the traditional assumption that the electric field is ignorable in the radiography. This mainly comes from the spatial structure of the Weibel instability generated magnetic field, which is tube-like and points to the azimuthal direction around the current filaments. When the probe protons pass through the field region, the deflection from the azimuthal magnetic field can be compensated for completely by itself along the passing trajectories especially if the deflection distance inside the field region is small. Whereas for the electric field, which is in the radial direction, the deflection to the probe protons will not be totally compensated for and will finally introduce an evident flux density perturbation into the detection plane. This understanding can beconducive to the comprehension of the experimental results about the proton radiography of the Weibel instability.

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通信作者:蔡洪波,Cai_hongbo@iapcm.ac.cn; 朱少平,zhu_shaoping@iapcm.ac.cn

基金项目:科学挑战专题(批准号: TZ2016005)、国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2016YFA0401100)、国家自然科学基金联合基金(批准号: U1730449)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11575030)资助的课题.

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Corresponding author:Cai Hong-Bo,Cai_hongbo@iapcm.ac.cn; Zhu Shao-Ping,zhu_shaoping@iapcm.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. TZ2016005), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0401100), the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1730449), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11575030)

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