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近年来有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料因其吸收系数高、成本低廉、制备工艺简单等优点吸引了大批科研人员进行研究, 目前在实验室制备的电池能量转换效率已经超过23%. 钙钛矿太阳能电池一般采用溶液法逐层制备, 在此过程中由于退火温度、结晶速率等因素的影响, 钙钛矿内部以及界面会产生大量的缺陷, 这些缺陷会增加载流子复合概率, 降低载流子寿命, 严重影响钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能. 因此研究和理解钙钛矿的缺陷对制备高效钙钛矿太阳能电池至关重要. 本文讨论了在正式结构中, 钙钛矿太阳能电池缺陷的产生以及缺陷对钙钛矿太阳能电池的影响, 分析了不同材料钝化电子传输层/钙钛矿层界面以及钙钛矿层/空穴传输层界面缺陷的机理, 对比了不同钝化材料对钙钛矿太阳能电池光伏性能的影响, 总结了界面钝化材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的作用. 最后指出了钙钛矿太阳能电池钝化缺陷的研究趋势和发展方向.In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have aroused the interest of a large number of researchers due to the advantages of large optical absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap and easy fabrication. Recently, the power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has been enhanced to more than 23% in laboratory. In solution processed perovskite solar cells, perovskite and charge transport layer are stacked together, due to the different crystallization rates leading to lattice mismatch near the surface region of perovskite film, resulting in a lot of interface defects, especially at the interface between perovskite and charge transport layer. What is more, the photo-induced free carriers must transfer across the interfaces to be collected. But the defects near the interface can trap photogeneration electrons, thus reducing the carrier lifetime and causing the charges to be recombined, which greatly influence the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, reducing and passivating these defects is critical for obtaining the high performance perovskite solar cells. Now, there have been made tremendous efforts devoting to advancing passivation techniques, such as doping and surface modification, for high efficiency perovskite solar cell with improved stability and reduced hysteresis. These approaches also contribute to improving the energy band alignment between carrier transport layers and perovskite absorber improving device performance, or resistance moisture to enhance device stability. In this review we mainly introduce the formation and the effect of defects on perovskite solar cells, analyze the mechanism for passivating the interfacial defects between charge transport layer and perovskite photo absorption layer for different materials, compare the effects of different passivation materials on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, and summarize the role of these materials in passivating the defects. Finally we discuss the research trend and development direction of passivation defects in perovskite solar cells.
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Interface to be modified Modifier Voc/V Jsc/mA·cm–2 FF PCE/% 文献 SnO2/MAPbIxCl3–x LiF W 1.15 21.62 0.73 18.33 [27] W/O 1.08 20.40 0.71 15.60 SnO2/MAPbIxCl3–x KCl W 1.12 21.82 0.79 19.44 [42] W/O 1.08 21.59 0.76 18.12 TiO2/MAPbIxCl3–x CsBr W 1.06 20.70 0.75 16.30 [44] W/O 0.99 18.70 0.69 13.10 SnO2/MAPbI3 Xanthate W 1.06 22.61 0.70 18.41 [45] W/O 1.03 21.74 0.73 16.56 SnO2/MAPbI3 APTES SAM W 1.06 20.84 0.66 14.69 [46] W/O 1.16 21.23 0.69 17.03 SnO2/MAPbI3 DA SAM W 1.05 21.80 0.73 16.87 [48] W/O 1.04 19.96 0.67 14.05 TiO2/MAPbI3 Li-TiO2 W 1.03 23.91 0.74 18.25 [52] W/O 1.01 22.46 0.69 15.64 TiO2/MAPbI3 HS W 1.11 23.34 0.77 20.10 [49] W/O 1.09 21.29 0.74 17.20 TiO2/MAPbI3 GABAH+I– W 1.00 19.20 0.62 12.00 [50] W/O — — — 8.00 TiO2/MAPbI3 LA W 0.99 22.40 0.64 14.22 [51] W/O 0.95 17.08 0.66 10.76 TiO2/MAPbI3 GnPs W 1.00 23.67 0.69 15.14 [41] W/O 0.97 22.33 0.80 19.23 
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Interface to be modified Modifier Voc/V Jsc/mA·cm–2 FF PCE/% 文献 MAPbIxCl3–x/Spiro-OMeTAD IPFB W 1.06 23.38 0.67 15.70 [47] W/O 1.02 23.80 0.57 13.00 MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD GO W 1.03 20.00 0.72 14.50 [59] W/O 0.93 18.50 0.64 10.00 MAPbIxCl3–x/Spiro-OMeTAD Thiophene W 0.95 20.70 0.68 13.10 [54] W/O 1.02 21.30 0.68 15.30 MAPbIxCl3–x/Spiro-OMeTAD Pyridine W 0.95 20.70 0.68 13.10 [54] W/O 1.05 24.10 0.72 16.50 MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD V-pyridine W 1.15 22.00 0.73 9.50 [55] W/O 0.80 19.20 0.63 18.50 MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD F4TCNQ W 1.04 19.40 0.70 15.30 [56] W/O 1.06 20.30 0.75 18.10 MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD ZnPc W 1.09 23.23 0.77 19.56 [65] W/O 1.08 22.93 0.76 18.83 MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD TAP W 1.05 23.49 0.75 18.51 [66] W/O 0.99 22.09 0.71 15.53 下载:
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