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具有核/壳结构的磁性复合纳米材料是十分重要的功能材料，其综合物性受材料微结构的影响，而这很大程度上又取决于复合体系的可控合成.本文综述了近二十年来有关核/壳磁性复合纳米材料的制备、表征及性能研究方面的进展，讨论的体系主要有：铁氧体基永磁/软磁（反铁磁）复合纳米材料、非磁性体包覆磁性核而成的复合纳米材料、用磁性颗粒催化合成的碳基复合纳米材料、基于交换偏置效应而设计的复合纳米材料、核-壳同轴结构的一维复合纳米材料和核/壳/壳三元结构的磁性复合纳米材料等.构建复合体系的组分包括M型永磁铁氧体、3d过渡金属（及其合金、氧化物、碳化物）、多铁化合物、非磁性体（比如绝缘体、半导体、有机分子）和碳材料等，着重分析了复合纳米材料的热稳定性、光致发光性能、光电催化能力、电化学特性、微波吸收性能、磁电阻效应、永磁体性能、高频软磁特性、交换偏置效应及其相关现象.最后，对核/壳结构磁性复合纳米材料的未来发展趋势进行了展望，并在基础研究和改性应用方面提出了一些建议.Magnetic nanocomposites with core/shell structure are an important class of functional materials, and their comprehensive properties are affected by the microstructures of materials: they are largely dependent on the controlled sysnthesis of the composite systems. In this paper, we review the research advances in the preparation, characterization and performance of core/shell-structured magnetic nanocomposites, focusing on the following systems: 1) ferrite-based permanent-magnet/soft-magnetic (or antiferromagnetic) composite nanomaterials; 2) nanocomposites comprised of the magnetic core particles and the nonmagnetic coating layers; 3) carbon-based nanocomposites obtained by the catalytic synthesis of magnetic particles; 4) nanocomposites with exchange bias effect; 5) one-dimensional nanocomposites with coaxial core/shell structure; 6) core/shell/shell structured magnetic ternary nanocomposites. The components of these composite systems include M-type permanent-magnet ferrites, 3d transition metals (and their alloys, oxides and carbides), multiferroics, nonmagnetic (such as insulator, semiconductor and organic molecule), and carbon materials. And the emphasis is placed on the analysis of thermal stability, photoluminescence performance, photoelectrocatalytic capacity, electrochemical characteristics, microwave absorption properties, magnetoresistance effect, permanent magnetic property, high-frequency soft-magnetic properties, exchange bias effect and related phenomenology for the core/shell-structured nanocomposites. Finally, the future developing trend of the magnetic nanocomposites with core/shell structure is presented, and some fundamental researches and modified applications are also proposed.
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