We identify China regional low temperature extreme events (RELTEs) in winter during the periods from 1951 to 2010 using objective identification technique for regional low temperature extreme events (OITRELTEs). The 559 RELTEs are identified and classified into 6 types, i.e., nationwide style, east style, northeast-north China style, north-south China style, south style, and northwest-south China style, according to the spatial distribution of these events. The circulation backgrounds of different styles of low temperature events are also analyzed. In addition, taking the classical event that began from January 21st in 1971 for example, anomaly characteristics of sea surface temperature, geopotential height and winds vectors are investigated specifically. Based on these analyses, the corresponding relationships between different types of events and anomalies of climatic indices are further studied, and the relations between mainly influencing index and event are obtained for different types of events. On the whole, when the NINO3.4, the Pacific decadal oscillation, and the Arctic oscillation are small and the winter wind index is strong, the probability with which the RELTE happens is high; in the years in which the winter average values of the four indices reach 15% of extreme threshold, the percentages of occurrence of RELTE reach up to 80.0%, 77.8%, 60.0% and 62.5%, respectively. Therefore, certain signals can be offered for diagnosing and predicting the RELTE from the index anomalies.