The Ca and Ba co-doped long afterglow phosphors Sr0.6Ba0.2Ca0.2Al2O4 ∶Eu2+0.01, Dy3+0.02 and only Ba doped phosphors Sr0.6Ba0.4Al2O4 ∶Eu2+0.01, Dy3+0.02 are synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction method. The phase structures of the phosphors are characterized by x-ray diffraction, showing that the crystal structures of samples are hexagonal. Photoluminescence spectra show that Eu2+ ion acts as the only luminescence center in sample,and Sr0.6Ba0.2Ca0.2Al2O4 ∶Eu2+, Dy3+ display higher luminescent intensities due to the higher concentration of Eu2+ ions in the host crystal lattice. The decay characteristics of phosphors show that Sr0.6Ba0.2Ca0.2Al2O4 ∶Eu2+, Dy3+exhibit higher intensities in the initial afterglow process and longer afterglow time. The measurement of thermoluminescence reveals that the concentrations and depth of traps can be increased by Ca and Ba co-doping in Sr0.6Ba0.4Al2O4 ∶Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor.