Transparent and integral U:CaF2 single crystals with diameter of 75mm were successfully grown by temperature gradient technique. The distribution coefficient of uranium in Ca F2 is equal to 0.53, which was calculated using the formula, K0=Cs/Cl.The calculated concentrations of uranium in CaF2 according to general distribution equation, Cs=K0C0(1-g)K0-1, are consistent with the measured values, indicating that the process of crystal growth was nearly in equilibrium. Unit cell paramenters and optical absorption spectra of U:CaF2 crystals grown under different conditions have been analyzed. Results indicate that the growth atmospheres determine the valences of uranium ions and the mechanism of charge compensation: the uranium ion is U4+ with green color in the absence of Pb F2; uranium is apt to form U3+with radius most close to that of Ca2+ in the presence of Pb F2 as a scavenger. From the beginning part to the end of U3+:Ca F2 crystal, only optical densities of all absorption bands gradually increase with the concentration of uranium. With increasing concentration of doped uranium, the color of the as grown U:Ca F2 crystals change from pink to brownish. The 5mm thickness periphery of the U3+:Ca F2 crystal with a yellow color was confirmed to contain mixed valences of U2+ and U3+, as a result of the reduction effect of graphite crucible.