A new kind of Fe nanowire array was successfully prepared by electrochemical deposition in nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)template.Its micrography and crystalloid structure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction.The results indicated that the nanowires in the array are very uniform and well isolated,and parallel to each other.Each nanowire appeared as a chain of peanuts,and the particle in this chain was proposed to be a single crystal of α-Fe. Its magnetic anisotropy was characterized by using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer(VSM) and Mssbauer spectrum(MS).The VSM results clearly revealed that the α-Fe nanowire array in the alumite shows a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with the easy direction normal to the alumite.And the perpendicular hysteresis loops curve has high squareness (0.98) and coercive force (1.76×105A/m).The MS proved that the moment of each nanowire in AAO template is highly orientated along its axis and perpendicular to the surface of the membrane. The saturation magnetization (Ms)of the nanowire array is similar to that of the bulk materials(0.17T).